The study of political news involves the study of how news media report about events and issues in politics. It includes research on the historical, technological, and organizational aspects of the production of news. Political news research also focuses on what role news plays in the democratic process. Theories of political journalism assume that the mass media fulfill certain normative functions for the adaptation, integration, and operation of a democratic system: the recording of public affairs, the reflection of public opinion, the disclosure of political misbehavior, the facilitation of discourse and political participation, and the provision of information to citizens (see Graber 1994).
In most democracies today, a large majority of people follow public affairs in news media on a daily basis. Research shows that there is a positive relationship between news use and political knowledge. However, the amount of knowledge a person gains from news consumption depends on several factors: age, education, previous political knowledge, and the intensity of his or her news usage.
During elections, many people turn to news outlets for political coverage of the candidates. Despite the importance of this type of reporting, it is important to remember that political journalism has its own unique challenges. Fairness, balance, and accuracy should be the guiding principles in election coverage, especially as it can potentially sway votes. Equal time laws exist for a reason, and journalists should adhere to them.
People also process political news in a different way than other news, and this can lead to biases. During an election, for example, it is important to write stories that include all results, including those from local races and ballot initiatives. It is also important to report the bare facts, without adding snark or opinion.